The morning star, a further development of the club, was used throughout Europe and Arabia from approximately the 11th to the 17th centuries. Historical evidence can be found in battle reports, city chronicles, and pictorial representations, such as those by Albrecht Dürer. Regional variations in design primarily affected the shaft length and the head construction: - Classic form: A sturdy wooden shaft (up to 60 cm) with a fixed, spiked head made of wood or iron.
- Chain morning star (flail): A variant particularly popular among mercenaries and peasants in the 15th and 16th centuries, in which the spiked ball was connected to the shaft by a chain to increase striking power through centrifugal force.
- Regional peculiarities: Flemish origins are known, as well as specific finds in German armories (e.g., Emden or Wartburg), some of which feature extremely long shafts exceeding two meters.